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 Can we directly drink river water ? Drinking river water directly is generally not recommended without proper treatment or purification. River water can contain various contaminants, including microorganisms, bacteria, viruses, parasites, sediment, pollutants, and chemicals, which can pose health risks if consumed untreated. Here are some reasons why drinking untreated river water can be unsafe: Microorganisms and Pathogens: River water can contain harmful microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and parasites. These pathogens can cause waterborne diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, typhoid fever, and hepatitis. Chemical Contaminants: Rivers can receive runoff from agricultural, industrial, and urban areas, which may introduce chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers, and pollutants into the water. These contaminants can be harmful to human health and may have long-term effects. Sediment and Turbidity: River water often carries sediment and particles, making it turbid or cloudy. These sedimen

Why Mild Steel (MS) tanks not used for storing de-mineralized water?  DM water, also known as deionized water or demineralized water, is water that has had almost all of its mineral ions removed through a process of purification. It's also called the hungry water that has high affinity to attract and dissolve minerals. It is used in various industrial applications where the presence of minerals or impurities can cause issues. MS tanks, typically made of mild steel, are not suitable for storing DM water due to the following reasons: Corrosion: Mild steel is susceptible to corrosion when exposed to water, especially when it lacks protective coatings. DM water is highly purified and lacks minerals and ions that can provide some level of corrosion protection. The absence of these ions makes the water more corrosive towards metal surfaces, including mild steel. Over time, the tanks can develop rust and compromise the quality of the stored DM water. Leaching: DM water is often used in ap

  Raschig rings are a type of random packing material used in various applications, including degasser towers. Degasser towers are typically used to remove dissolved gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, from a liquid stream, usually water. The Raschig rings provide a large surface area for efficient mass transfer between the liquid and gas phases, promoting the removal of gases from the liquid. When Raschig rings are used in a degasser tower, they are packed in the tower column. The rings are typically made of ceramic, metal, or plastic materials and have a cylindrical shape with a diameter equal to their height. The packing arrangement creates a tortuous path for the liquid and gas to flow through, maximizing the contact between the two phases. As the liquid flows downward through the tower, the dissolved gases come into contact with the large surface area provided by the Raschig rings. This contact facilitates the transfer of the gases from the liquid phase to the gas phase. The

  The design basis of a degasser tower in a water treatment plant will depend on several factors, including the specific application, the type of water being treated, and the level of degassing required. However, some general design considerations include: Sizing: The degasser tower must be sized appropriately to handle the flow rate of water being treated. The tower's size will depend on the required retention time, which is the time needed for the water to pass through the tower, and the height of the packing material or trays used in the tower. Packing Material: The packing material or trays used in the degasser tower should be carefully selected to provide maximum surface area for gas-liquid contact, allowing for efficient degassing. The material should also be chemically resistant to the water being treated and the gas used for degassing. Gas Distribution: The design of the gas distribution system is critical for efficient degassing. The gas should be distributed uniformly acr