What is Chlorination?

 Chlorination refers to the process of adding chlorine or chlorine compounds to water, wastewater, or other substances as a means of disinfection, oxidation, or other chemical reactions. Chlorination is a common method of water treatment used by many municipalities to disinfect water supplies and prevent the spread of waterborne diseases.

Chlorine is a powerful disinfectant that destroys most bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms that can cause waterborne illnesses such as cholera, typhoid fever, and dysentery. Chlorine also helps to oxidize organic matter and remove unpleasant tastes and odors from water.

However, excessive use of chlorine can lead to the formation of harmful disinfection byproducts, such as trihalomethanes (THMs), which have been linked to an increased risk of cancer and other health problems. As such, many water treatment facilities are exploring alternative disinfection methods, such as ultraviolet (UV) disinfection and ozone treatment, to reduce the use of chlorine and minimize the formation of disinfection byproducts.


Residual chlorine in drinking water refers to the amount of chlorine that remains in the water after it has been treated with chlorine to disinfect it. The presence of residual chlorine in drinking water is an important indicator of water safety, as it helps to ensure that the water is free of harmful microorganisms that can cause waterborne diseases.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that drinking water should have a residual chlorine concentration of between 0.2 and 0.5 mg/L (milligrams per liter) at the point of delivery to consumers. This level of residual chlorine is considered to be effective in preventing the growth and spread of harmful microorganisms in the distribution system and in the water storage tanks.

It is important to note that excessive levels of residual chlorine in drinking water can also be harmful to human health, as it can cause irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat, and can even lead to respiratory problems. As such, water treatment facilities carefully monitor and adjust the levels of residual chlorine in drinking water to ensure that they are within safe limits.


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